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This paper aims to coat ternary composite NiBP-graphite films by Dynamic Chemical Plating “DCP” technique with a growth rate of at least 5 μm/h, which makes this technique a worthy candidate for production of composite films. Electroless nickel plating method can be used to deposit nickel–phosphorous and nickel–boron coatings on metals or plastic surface. However, restrictions such as toxicity, short lifetime of the plating-bath and limited plating rate have limited applications of conventional electroless processes.

DCP is an alternative for producing metallic deposits on non-conductive materials and can be considered as a modified electroless coating process. Using a double-nozzle gun, two different solutions containing the precursors are sprayed simultaneously and separately onto the surface. With this technique, NiBP-graphite films are fabricated and their corrosion and tribological properties are investigated.

With a film thickness of 2 μm, tribological analysis confirms that these coatings have favorable anti-friction and anti-wear properties. Corrosion resistance of NiBP-graphite composite films was investigated, and it was found that graphite incorporation significantly enhances corrosion resistance of NiBP films.

DCP is faster and simpler to perform compared to other electroless deposition techniques. Using a double-nozzle gun, metal salt solution and reducing agents are sprayed to the surface, forming a deposit. Previously, coatings such as Cu, Cu-graphite, Cu-PTFE, Ni-B-TiO2, Ni-P, Ni-B-P and Ni-B-Zn with favorable compactness and adherence by DCP were reported. In this paper, the authors report the application of the DCP technique for depositing NiBP-PTFE nanocomposite films.

The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of using different Brownian models on natural and mixed convection fluid flow and heat transfer inside the square enclosure filled with the AlOOH–water nanofluid.

Due to fulfill of this demand, five different models for the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanofluid are considered. The following results are presented for the Ra=10⁷ to 10¹⁰ and Ri=0.01 to 100, whereas the volume fraction of the nanoparticles is varied from φ = 0.01 to 0.04.

According to the obtained results, increasing of Rayleigh number and reduction of Richardson number leads to the higher values of the average Nusselt number and entropy generation. Also, it is realized that, variation trend of the average Nusselt number and entropy generation in all cases is increasing by growing the volume fraction. It is found that the obtained average Nusselt numbers and entropy generations with Koo and Kleinstreuer are the highest among all the studied cases, and it is followed by Patel, Vajjha and Das, Corcione and Maxwell–Brinkman models, respectively.

Based on the results of present investigation, the Nusselt number difference predicted between the Maxwell–Brinkman model (as constant-property model) and Koo and Kleinstreuer model is about 7.84 per cent at 0.01 per cent volume fraction and 5.47 per cent at 0.04 per cent volume fraction for the Rayleigh number equal to 107. The entropy generation difference predicted between the two above studied model is about 8.05 per cent at 0.01 per cent volume fraction and 5.86 per cent at 0.04 per cent volume fraction for the Rayleigh number equal to 107. It is observed that using constant-property model has a significant difference in the obtained results with the results of other variable-property models.

This paper aims to reveal the challenges and problems of technology commercialization in an industrial development organization in Iran.

To achieve the objective of this paper, a mixed-methods case study was used. Initially, 15 in-depth interviews with technology commercialization experts were conducted and 43 themes were extracted as problems of technology commercialization. The outcomes of the interviews informed the development of the questionnaire. Subsequently, a survey of 205 experts was performed to examine the responses obtained from the interviews. The main problems were identified through exploratory factor analysis and evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis.

Seven factors are identified as the main difficulties of technology commercialization, including weakness in the commercialization process, challenges of the business environment, weak organizational structure, inefficient project management, ineffective cooperation with non-governmental sectors, failure to collaborate with stakeholders and conflicting political behaviors.

The outcomes of this research inform the organization’s managers of the poor conditions and barriers of the technology commercialization process. The findings also help managers to overcome the challenges that are under the control of the organization.

This paper contributes to the knowledge on technology commercialization by exploring the main factors that form barriers to and difficulties of technology commercialization in an industrial development organization and suggesting appropriate solutions.

The development of new technologies directly contributed to the emergence of advanced instruments, which in turn enabled the rise of new solutions associated with Industry 4.0 (I4.0). These technologies associated with I4.0 are adapted and used by individual users in diverse ways. Many determinants influence this diversity. One of the significant elements impacting such behaviour is age.

The main objective of this chapter is twofold. Firstly, it is to evaluate the differences among the four generational cohorts in how they use I4.0 tools, and secondly, to develop a conceptual framework of interdependencies between diverse I4.0 tools, their use – along with preferences and attitudes – and the generations as a moderate variable that influences the tools' use. In this chapter, we employ an inductive approach and apply the literature studies according to the SALSA method. This research contributes to the existing literature by framing the interdependencies between individuals' attitudes, their use of I4.0 tools and their age.

By extending the service robot acceptance model (sRAM), this study aims to explore and enhance the acceptance of chatbots. The study considered functional, relational, social, user and gratification elements in determining the acceptance of chatbots.

By using the purposive sampling technique, data of 321 service customers, gathered from millennials through a questionnaire and subsequent PLS-SEM modeling, was applied for hypotheses testing.

Findings revealed that the functional elements, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use affect acceptance of chatbots. However, in social elements, only perceived social interactivity affects the acceptance of chatbots. Moreover, both user and gratification elements (hedonic motivation and symbolic motivation) significantly influence the acceptance of chatbots. Lastly, trust is the only contributing factor for the acceptance of chatbots in the relational elements.

The study extends the literature related to chatbots and offers several guidelines to the service industry to effectively employ chatbots.

This is one of the first studies that used newly developed sRAM in determining chatbot acceptance. Moreover, the study extended the sRAM by adding user and gratification elements and privacy concerns as originally sRAM model was limited to functional, relational and social elements.

This study/paper aims to deal with thermal convection and entropy production of a ferrofluid in an enclosure having an isothermally warmed solid body placed inside. It should be noted that this research deals with a development of passive cooling system for the electronic devices.

The domain of interest is a square chamber of size L including a rectangular solid block of sizes l₁ and l₂. Thermal convection of ferrofluid (water–Fe₃O₄ nanosuspension) is analyzed within this enclosure. The solid body is considered to be isothermal with temperature T_h and also its area is L²/9. The vertical borders are cold with temperature T_c and the horizontal boundaries are adiabatic. The flow driven by temperature gradient in the cavity is two-dimensional. The governing equations, formulated in dimensionless primitive variables with corresponding initial and boundary conditions, are worked out by using the finite volume technique with the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations algorithm on a uniformly staggered mesh. The influence of nanoparticles volume fraction, aspect ratio of the solid block and an irreversibility ratio on energy transport and flow patterns are examined for the Rayleigh number Ra = 10⁷.

The results show that the nanoparticles concentration augments the thermal transmission and the entropy production increases also, while the augmentation of temperature difference results in a diminution of entropy production. Finally, lower aspect ratio has the significant impact on heat transfer, isotherms, streamlines and entropy.

An efficient numerical technique has been developed to solve this problem. The originality of this work is to analyze convective energy transport and entropy generation in a chamber with internal block. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the effects of irreversibility ratio are scrutinized for the first time. The results would benefit scientists and engineers to become familiar with the analysis of convective heat transfer and entropy production in enclosures with internal isothermal blocks, and the way to predict the heat transfer rate in advanced technical systems, in industrial sectors including transportation, power generation, chemical sectors, electronics, etc.

This study aims to examine the effects of cross-flow and multiple jet impingement on conductive panel cooling performance when subjected to uniform magnetic field effects. The cooling system has double rotating cylinders.

Cross-flow ratios (CFR) ranging from 0.1 to 1, magnetic field strength (Ha) ranging from 0 to 50 and cylinder rotation speed (Rew) ranging from −5,000 to 5,000 are the relevant parameters that are included in the numerical analysis. Finite element method is used as solution technique. Radial basis networks are used for the prediction of average Nusselt number (Nu), average surface temperature of the panel and temperature uniformity effects when varying the impacts of cross-flow, magnetic field and rotations of the double cylinder in the cooling channel.

The effect of CFR on cooling efficiency and temperature uniformity is favorable. By raising the CFR to the highest value under the magnetic field, the average Nu can rise by up to 18.6%, while the temperature drop and temperature difference are obtained as 1.87°C and 3.72°C. Without cylinders, magnetic field improves the cooling performance, while average Nu increases to 4.5% and 8.8% at CR = 0.1 and CR = 1, respectively. When the magnetic field is the strongest with cylinders in channel at CFR = 1, temperature difference (ΔT) is obtained as 2.5 °C. The rotational impacts on thermal performance are more significant when the cross-flow effects are weak (CFR = 0.1) compared to when they are substantial (CFR = 1). Cases without a cylinder have the worst performance for both weak and severe cross-flow effects, whereas using two rotating cylinders increases cooling performance and temperature uniformity for the conductive panel. The average surface temperature lowers by 1.2°C at CFR = 0.1 and 0.5°C at CFR = 1 when the worst and best situations are compared.

The outcomes are relevant in the design and optimization-based studies for electric cooling, photo-voltaic cooling and battery thermal management.

The purpose of this paper is to underline the significance of invoking Big Data and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in Omani Banks. Opportunities and challenges are also being discussed in the case study.

Four Omani banks representative of local, international, Islamic and specialized banks are being studied in terms of their social networking presence on Facebook and their e-banking facilities. Also, impetus is laid upon the aggregation of internal data and vast amounts of semi-structured external data from public sources, including social media.

The case study shows that Big Data analytics and IoT technologies may be utilized by the Omani banks for facilitating them in “forecasting” and “nowcasting”. Besides, customers may be better managed with better and efficient services. However, there are challenges in tapping these technologies such as security, infrastructure, regulatory norms, etc.

Banks in Oman need to appreciate the utility of Big Data and IoT technologies, and for this, a robust IT infrastructure should be institutionalized.

The case study is a major step in integrating Big Data and IoT technologies in Omani banks across four variants of national, international, Islamic and specialized banks. This is the first study where such integration has been emphasized in the Omani banking sector.

This study aims to focus on the main materials used in consolidation processes of illuminated paper manuscripts and leather binding.

For each material, chemical structure, chemical composition, molecular formula, solubility, advantages, disadvantages and its role in treatment process are presented.

This study concluded that carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, nanocrystalline cellulose, funori, sturgeon glue, poly vinyl alcohol, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticles (NPs), gelatin, aquazol, paraloid B72 and hydroxyapatite NPs were the most common and important materials used for the consolidation of illuminated paper manuscripts. For the leather bindings, hydroxy propyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, oligomeric melamine-formaldehyde resin, acrylic wax SC6000, pliantex, paraloid B67 and B72, silicone oil and collagen NPs are the most consolidants used.

Illuminated paper manuscripts with leather binding are considered one of the most important objects in libraries, museums and storehouses. The uncontrolled conditions and other deterioration factors inside the libraries and storehouses lead to degradation of these artifacts. The brittleness, fragility and weakness are considered the most common deterioration aspects of illuminated paper manuscripts and leather binding. Therefore, the consolidation process became vital and important to solve this problem. This study presents the main materials used for consolidation process of illuminated paper manuscripts and leather bindings.

The analysis of fluid flow and thermal transport performance inside the cavity has found numerous applications in various engineering fields, such as nuclear reactors and solar collectors. Nowadays, researchers are concentrating on improving heat transfer by using ternary nanofluids. With this motivation, the present study analyzes the natural convective flow and heat transfer efficiency of ternary nanofluids in different types of porous square cavities.

The cavity inclination angle is fixed ω = 0 in case (I) and ω=π4 in case (II). The traditional fluid is water, and Fe3O4+MWCNT+Cu/H2O is treated as a working fluid. Ternary nanofluid's thermophysical properties are considered, according to the Tiwari–Das model. The marker-and-cell numerical scheme is adopted to solve the transformed dimensionless mathematical model with associated initial–boundary conditions.

The average heat transfer rate is computed for four combinations of ternary nanofluids: Fe3O4(25%)+MWCNT(25%)+Cu(50%),Fe3O4(50%)+MWCNT(25%)+Cu(25%),Fe3O4(33.3%)+MWCNT(33.3%)+Cu(33.3%) and Fe3O4(25%)+MWCNT(50%)+Cu(25%) under the influence of various physical factors such as volume fraction of nanoparticles, inclined magnetic field, cavity inclination angle, porous medium, internal heat generation/absorption and thermal radiation. The transport phenomena within the square cavity are graphically displayed via streamlines, isotherms, local and average Nusselt number profiles with adequate physical interpretations.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the ternary nanofluids may be used to achieve the high thermal transmission in nuclear power systems, generators and electronic device applications.

The current analysis is useful to improve the thermal features of nuclear reactors, solar collectors, energy storage and hybrid fuel cells.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no research has been carried out related to the magneto-hydrodynamic natural convective Fe3O4+MWCNT+Cu/H2O ternary nanofluid flow and heat transmission filled in porous square cavities with an inclined cavity angle. The computational outcomes revealed that the average heat transfer depends not only on the nanoparticle’s volume concentration but also on the existence of heat source and sink.